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The 1930 Revolution and the new State 1930-1937 |
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The so-called "Republica Velha" (Old Republic) lasted until 1930 when, for the first time, the government was overthrown by force. The main aim of the victorious revolutionary movement headed by Getúlio Vargas was the reform of an electoral and political system which, in the absence of strong national parties, had led to the practice of electing presidents supported by the governors of the leading states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. The governors, in turn, secured the election of congressional representatives pledged to carry out the policies of the central government. Getúlio Vargas, who was to govern Brazil for the next 15 years, came to power at a troubled time.
The country was feeling the effects of the world depression which drastically reduced the price of coffee. The domestic political scene was affected not only by the resultant financial crisis, but also, as the decade advanced, by dashes between militant minorities inspired by ideas reaching the country from Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy on the one hand, and by the Communist ideology imported from the Soviet Union on the other.
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